How Do Orthodontists Treat Overbites and Underbites?

If you’re wondering how do orthodontists treat overbites and underbites, you’re not alone. These are two of the most common bite issues that affect both the function and appearance of your smile. Overbites occur when the upper teeth protrude too far over the lower teeth, while underbites happen when the lower teeth extend beyond the upper ones. Orthodontists use a variety of specialized techniques and appliances to gradually shift the teeth and jaw into better alignment for both cosmetic and health-related reasons.

Overbites can lead to jaw pain, tooth wear, and gum issues
Underbites may affect chewing, speech, and facial appearance
Early diagnosis can lead to simpler and faster treatments
Braces, aligners, expanders, and even surgery are part of treatment plans
Custom care is based on age, severity, and overall dental health

Diagnosing the Severity of the Bite:

The first step in treating any bite issue is accurate diagnosis. Orthodontists conduct a thorough examination using digital imaging, X-rays, and physical evaluation to determine how severe the malocclusion is and which treatment path is most suitable.

X-rays and 3D scans are used to visualize jaw and tooth positions
Bite tests and impressions help understand functional issues
Growth patterns are analyzed, especially in younger patients
Classification systems help measure mild, moderate, or severe cases
A detailed treatment plan is customized for each individual

Understanding the cause of the overbite or underbite is key—whether it’s dental (teeth-related), skeletal (jaw-related), or both.

Braces and Clear Aligners for Bite Correction:

One of the most common answers to how do orthodontists treat overbites and underbites is the use of braces or clear aligners. These tools apply constant pressure to gradually move teeth into better positions over time.

Traditional braces are highly effective for complex bite correction
Clear aligners like Invisalign are discreet and removable for milder cases
Elastic bands may be added to guide the jaw into proper alignment
Bite blocks or special attachments can speed up tooth movement
Treatment typically lasts 12–30 months, depending on case severity

Both children and adults can benefit from orthodontic appliances designed to improve bite issues.

Jaw Expanders and Functional Appliances:

In younger patients whose bones are still developing, orthodontists may use growth-modifying appliances to correct underlying jaw discrepancies. These tools are particularly helpful in early intervention cases.

Palatal expanders widen the upper jaw to improve alignment
Herbst appliances help guide lower jaw growth in underbite cases
Twin block appliances reposition the jaws using bite force
Functional appliances are worn for several months or years, depending on age
Early treatment often reduces the need for surgery later

These appliances are most effective when used before puberty during rapid jaw development phases.

Surgical Options for Severe Cases:

When bite issues are caused by significant skeletal imbalances and cannot be corrected with braces alone, jaw surgery—also called Orthodontists Treatment surgery—may be necessary. This is more common in adults who have finished growing.

Surgery repositions the upper, lower, or both jaws for functional balance
Often combined with pre- and post-surgical orthodontic treatment
Corrects speech, chewing, and breathing difficulties caused by bite issues
Improves facial aesthetics and symmetry
Recovery includes a healing period of 6–12 weeks with long-term results

While surgery may sound intimidating, it’s a safe and effective solution for severe bite discrepancies.

Long-Term Retention and Bite Maintenance:

Once active treatment is complete, maintaining results is crucial to prevent relapse. Retainers and follow-up care play a big role in preserving your new bite alignment.

Retainers hold teeth in their corrected positions over time
Some retainers are fixed; others are removable and worn nightly
Regular checkups ensure the bite remains stable
Lifestyle habits like avoiding nail-biting and chewing hard objects help
Long-term success depends on patient cooperation and monitoring

Orthodontists often provide personalized retention plans to ensure that both overbite and underbite corrections last for years to come.